APPLIED MINERALS INC — Department of Energy STTR Phase I: 17a

Description

To meet performance and cost targets for electric vehicles, substantial improvement is still required in lithium-ion batteries. A low-cost, high-capacity silicon anode will greatly aid in this effort, but current methods for generating functional nano-silicon for anodes use expensive metallurgical, templating, gaseous, or other top-down engineering processes. This project proposes to use the naturally occurring clay mineral halloysite as a raw material for producing nano-porous, nano-sized silicon for use in lithium-ion batteries. The largest known reserves of this mineral at high purity are found in Utah and can be mined and processed at low cost because the native structure of the mineral is ideal for battery use. The team, consisting of a small business, university, and national laboratory, will extract, purify, and test halloysite-derived silicon for battery use. This will require adjusting reaction conditions and chemical compositions to achieve optimal cycling and capacity performance of the material. Material will be provided to potential customers for evaluation. The production process will be designed for scale-up and low cost. Customers of this technology and product will be battery manufacturers that supply the cells needed for electric vehicles. Large-scale, economical production of high-performance silicon anode material will allow significant public benefits. As the cost of batteries decrease, the cost of electric vehicles will be reduced, making affordable, emission-free transportation available to the public.