TDA RESEARCH, INC. — Department of Health and Human Services SBIR Phase I: NIOSH

Description

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant The goal of the project is to develop a four hour cooling system that replaces ice packs in mine rescue reentry rebreathers that unlike ice will maintain the temperature of the air returned to the miner from the CO absorber at a constant safe temperature TDAandapos s cooling technology maintains the temperature of the return air at a constant level regardless of the level of exertion of the miner or time on stream Mine rescue rebreathers are self contained closed circuit backpack sized units used by mine rescue personnel to reenter a mine after an accident to rescue stranded miners and perform other tasks necessary to bring the mine back online Mine rescue rebreathers conserve air by recirculating exhaled air through a system that chemically scrubs out CO and meters in O from a small compressed gas cylinder to maintain an O content of at least in the inhaled air Considerable heat is generated when the CO is removed in the scrubber bed and moisture is condensed and this heat must be removed or the air rapidly becomes too hot to breathe In current commercial rebreathers the heat of CO absorption is removed with ice packs Commercial rebreathers are tested according to CFR and must maintain the return air temperature to the miner below C F for the entire hour service time of the unit Unfortunately passing this test does not guarantee that this temperature will not be exceeded with different users or levels of exertion both of which can increase the rate of metabolic CO generation or different ambient air temperatures in the mine the testing is done with an ambient air temperature of C Thus TDA Research Inc proposes to develop a cooling system that does not use ice that provides cooling that is proportional to the heat load being generated For example if the minerandapos s exertion increases more CO is produced because of a higher respiration rate and this produces more heat TDAandapos s system responds by increasing the cooling rate When the miner is at rest less cooling is required and TDAandapos s system self adjusts for this condition Thus the inhaled air from the rebreather is at a constant temperature regardless of the heat load generated by the miner This is in contrast to ice packs where breathing air is overcooled during times of low exertion but gets hot when the user is working hard As a result ice packs overcool at first and then barely provide enough cooling when the ice has melted near the end of the four hour life Another benefit is that TDAandapos s design provides immediate cooling instant on as soon as the rebreather is activated Finally because no ice packs are used the logistics for both mining and first responders are simplified PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Historically underground mining is one of the most physically dangerous occupations in the world and when miners must be rescued the equipment used to protect the rescue personnel must be safe and reliable Currently mine rescue rebreathers use ice for cooling the return air recycled to the miner make up oxygen is added from a small gas cylinder The ice pack is designed to last hours however any unanticipated heat load on the system from heavy exertion can result of running out of ice sooner than expected and the miner can be exposed to return air temperatures that are dangerous to breath This project will develop a new cooling system that uses boiling heat transfer instead of ice to cool the recycled air breathed by the miner The design supplies air to the miner at a constant temperature regardless of the heat load preventing the miner from ever being exposed to dangerous return air temperatures