Physical Optics Corporation — Department of Defense SBIR Phase I: AF151-022

Description

ABSTRACT: To address the Air Force need for a realistic microstructured device with fluid shear, mechanical stretch, and an air-filled compartment, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Biomimetic Lung Toxicity Test Device (BioLTox) based on tissue-on-a-chip technologies. The innovation in biomimetic membrane fabrication and 2D mechanical stimuli will provide a device that more closely captures the unique structure and function of the lung. As a result, this device offers the capability to test aerosol toxicants, organic solvents, and volatile chemicals without damaging the membrane and is a useful tool for in vitro toxicity testing of aerospace chemicals as well as other chemicals and drugs in place of animal testing. In Phase I, POC will design and develop a prototype for a microstructure lung-mimic device incorporating shear flow and mechanical flexure and aerosol exposure. In Phase II, POC plans to validate the prototype for the ability to generate reproducible in vitro data that are representative of in vivo conditions in response to acute and chronic exposure to nanomaterials, particulate matter, or chemicals. These studies will begin to provide valuable insight into the potential toxicity of various chemicals that Air Force personnel are exposed to and help establish protective measures.; BENEFIT: Development of BioLTox will provide the Air Force with an organ-on-a-chip of human lungs with physiological mechanical stimuli that can be used to test aerospace-relevant chemicals without concerns over the device integrity. Various industries require toxicity testing of their products, including the pharmaceutical, chemical, food additive, cosmetic, and household product industries. Alternatives to toxicity testing in animals have been gaining traction due to concerns over animal welfare, as well as high costs and low throughput. This has led to the increased adoption of in vitro assays for earlier detection of potential toxicity of drugs and chemicals. These devices can provide valuable insight into the potential toxicity of various chemicals that aerospace personnel are exposed to and help establish protective measures. Thus, the development of in vitro organ mimic devices that can provide information on toxicity outcomes would have important implications.