BARRON ASSOCIATES, INC. — Department of Defense SBIR Phase I: A key barrier to expanding the missions performed by UASs is ensuring safe interoperation

Description

A key barrier to expanding the missions performed by UASs is ensuring safe interoperation with other manned and unmanned vehicles. In critical avoidance scenarios, UASs in autonomous flight do not currently employ the same level of situational awareness and decision-making offered by a human pilot in a manned aircraft. A number of research groups have been working to develop sensors and algorithms to provide UASs with an autonomous sense and avoid (SAA) capability. Many of these approaches are based on extrapolating trajectories of nearby vehicles from current and recent state measurements. An opportunity exists to enhance the effectiveness of current SAA technologies in the terminal area by leveraging knowledge from sources such as published procedures, current conditions, and ATC instructions, in addition to the current trajectories of nearby aircraft. Barron Associates proposes a Phase I research effort to develop intent analysis algorithms that combine run-time observations with prior models of expected behavior based on detailed knowledge of standard terminal area operating procedures. The proposed approach will use statistically rigorous methods to detect when aircraft are violating the rules, so that intent predictions can be revised accordingly. The result will be reliable detection of conflicts with low false alarm rates. BENEFIT: The proposed intent prediction methods represent a key enabling technology for integrating UASs into terminal area operations both in the national airspace and in war zones. Safely integrating UASs in airspace with manned vehicles as well as other unmanned craft will greatly expand the missions that can be performed by UASs, both for military and non-military operators. The greater autonomy afforded by the technology will also reduce operator workload, allowing an operator to manage more vehicles and/or perform higher level tasks such as analyzing data collected by an UAS. The potential market for the technology is quite large. As of 2008, the Department of Defense was reported to have nearly 6,000 UASs in its inventory and the number continues to increase. Any of these vehicles that operate from airfields potentially shared with other air vehicles (most medium and large UASs, and some small vehicles) will benefit from the technology.